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Decisive days of the twentieth century: Full list
DECEMBER 2006 | Opinion archive | What makes a decisive day?
The following list summarises a personal selection of one hundred decisive days in the twentieth century, from launching the Kodak Brownie camera in 1900 to signing the Kyoto Treaty on climate change in 1997. All one hundred items have a few thoughts plus a photo or image which can be reached by clicking on the link below. Every decade contributed something to this list but not in equal proportions. During the 1920s, for example, there are only six key moments in this list. Even though this included the creation of the BBC in 1922 and the discovery of penicillin in 1928, both in Britain and both causing society-wide global impacts, decisive events were more limited in this decade. Relatively more eventful decades were the 1940s, when World War Two preoccupied nearly every continent in fifteen crunch moments, and the 1960s, also with fifteen decisive forks in the road. The 1960s were particularly dominated by scientific advances in space exploration

1900s | n=7 | See also a 1900s profile here>>
01) 08/02/1900  Kodak Brownie camera launches in America Americas
02) 01/01/1901  Australian federation Australasia
03) 07/09/1901  Boxer Rebellion against European imperialism fails in China Asia
04) 10/12/1901  Nobel Prizes in science/literature/peace launch in Sweden Europe
05) 31/05/1902  Britain defeats Boers in South Africa Africa
06) 17/12/1903  First powered flight in America Americas
07) 05/09/1905  Japan defeats Russia at Battle of Tsushima Asia
1910s | n=11 | See also a 1910s profile here>>
08) 01/01/1912  Nationalists defeat Qing emperors in China Asia
09) 14/05/1912  Titanic sinks in the Atlantic Ocean Americas
10) 07/10/1913  First mass production line launches in America Americas
11) 10/10/1913  Panama Canal opens in Central America Americas
12) 06/11/1913  Protestors carry out Great March in South Africa Africa
13) 28/06/1914  Rebels assassinate Archduke Ferdinand in Sarajevo Europe
14) 27/10/1916  Jazz music appears in America Americas
15) 16/04/1917  America enters the Great War Americas
16) 02/11/1917  Balfour Declaration in London for a Jewish homeland Europe
17) 07/11/1917  Communist Bolsheviks defeat Romonov emperors in Russia Europe
18) 06/28/1919  Germany approves Treaty of Versailles in Paris Europe
1920s | n=6 | See also a 1920s profile here>>
19) 10/09/1921  First motorway appears in Germany Europe
20) 30/10/1922  Benito Mussolini's Fascists seize control of Italy Europe
21) 04/11/1922  Howard Carter excavates Tutankhamen's tomb in Egypt Africa
22) 14/11/1922  British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) created Europe
23) 27/01/1926  Television launches in Britain Europe
24) 15/09/1928  Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin in Britain Europe
1930s | n=9 | See also a 1930s profile here>>
25) 08/11/1932  President Franklin Roosevelt elected in America Americas
26) 16/10/1934  Communist's 'Long March' starts in China Asia
27) 08/08/1936  Jesse Owens dominates Berlin Olympics Europe
28) 30/09/1938  Munich agreement over Czechoslovakia signed Europe
29) 09/11/1938  Anti-Jewish Crystal Night in Germany Europe
30) 01/04/1939  Nationalists defeat Republicans in Spanish Civil War Europe
31) 27/08/1939  First jet plane flight in Germany Europe
32) 01/09/1939  German blitzkrieg triumphs over Poland Europe
33) 11/10/1939  Einstein informs US President Roosevelt of atomic energy Americas
1940s | n=15 | See also a 1940s profile here>>
34) 04/06/1940  British Expeditionary Force successfully evacuates Dunkirk Europe
35) 15/09/1940  Royal Air Force defeats the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain Europe
36) 07/12/1941  Japan attacks America at Pearl Harbour in Hawaii Americas
37) 11/11/1942  Vichy France surrenders to Nazi Germany Europe
38) 02/12/1942  Fission experiments channel nuclear energy in America Americas
39) 06/06/1944  US-led Allied forces D-Day invasion succeeds in France Europe
40) 08/09/1944  Germany fires first missile at civilians Europe
41) 18/09/1944  US-led Allied forces Operation Market Garden fails in Holland Europe
42) 22/04/1945  USSR Red Army conquers Berlin Europe
43) 26/06/1945  United Nations establishes in America Americas
44) 06/08/1945  US drops first nuclear bomb on civilians Asia
45) 15/08/1947  India gains independence from Britain Asia
46) 14/10/1947  First breach of the sound barrier in America Americas
47) 14/05/1948  State of Israel founded Middle East
48) 01/10/1949  Communists defeat Nationalists in China Asia
1950s | n=9 | See also a 1950s profile here>>
49) 25/06/1950  North Korea attacks South Korea Asia
50) 03/09/1950  US establishes MAAG in Vietnam Asia
51) 02/06/1953  Queen Elizabeth II crowned in Britain Europe
52) 25/02/1954  McCarthy ends anti-Communist prosecutions in America Americas
53) 08/05/1954  France surrenders at Dien Bien Phu in Vietnam Asia
54) 26/07/1956  Egypt nationalizes Suez Canal Company Africa
55) 25/09/1957  Little Rock school crisis desegregates schools in America Americas
56) 04/10/1957  USSR Sputnik becomes first man-made object in space Europe
57) 01/01/1959  Castro defeats Batista in Cuba Americas
1960s | n=15 | See also a 1960s profile here>>
58) 12/04/1961  USSR Yuri Gagarin becomes first person in space Europe
59) 13/08/1961  East German Communists erect Berlin Wall Europe
60) 22/09/1961  Peace Corps founded in America Americas
61) 05/10/1962  Love Me Do released by The Beatles in Britain Europe
62) 22/10/1962  Cuban missile crisis ends peacefully Americas
63) 22/11/1963  US President John Kennedy assassinated in America Americas
64) 14/09/1964  The Sun newspaper launches in Britain Europe
65) 09/10/1967  Communist revolutionary Che Guevara executed in Bolivia Americas
66) 03/12/1967  First heart transplant in South Africa Africa
67) 31/01/1968  Tet offensive in Vietnamese Civil War Asia
68) 04/04/1968  Civil Rights leader Martin Luther King assassinated in America Americas
69) 05/06/1968  US Senator Robert Kennedy assassinated in America Americas
70) 02/03/1969  First supersonic passenger jet flight over Atlantic Ocean   Europe
71) 20/07/1969  US Apollo lands first people on the moon Americas
72) 20/11/1969  American journalists expose My Lai massacre in Vietnam Americas
1970s | n=12 | See also a 1970s profile here>>
73) 13/11/1971  American Mariner-9 circumnavigates Mars in space Americas
74) 15/11/1971  Microchip launches in America Americas
75) 12/02/1972  US President Nixon visits China  Asia
76) 23/10/1973  Jews defeat Arabs in Yom Kippur war Middle East
77) 28/12/1973  Soviet dissident Solzhenitzyn publishes 'Gulag Archipelago' Europe
78) 08/08/1974  US President Nixon resigns over Watergate Americas
79) 17/04/1975  Khmer Rouge seize control in Cambodia  Asia
80) 30/04/1975  Communists defeat Republicans in Vietnamese Civil War Asia
81) 26/11/1975  Microsoft computer software company founded in America Americas
82) 25/07/1978  First test tube baby born in Britain Europe
83) 26/03/1979  Israel-Palestine peace accord signed in Camp David, America Middle East
84) 04/04/1979  Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher elected in Britain Europe
1980s | n=7 | See also a 1980s profile here>>
85) 30/03/1981  US President Reagan survives assassination in America Americas
86) 08/10/1982  Polish Communists ban Solidarity trade union Europe
87) 13/06/1983  American Pioneer space probe exits solar system Americas
88) 24/04/1984  AIDS virus discovered in America Americas 
89) 13/07/1985  Live Aid charity concert in UK and elsewhere Europe
90) 13/09/1985  Nintendo launches Super Mario computer game in Japan Europe
91) 26/04/1986  Chernobyl nuclear accident in Ukraine, USSR Europe
1990s | n=9 | See also a 1990s profile here>>
92) 12/11/1990  World Wide Web (W3) launches in Britain Europe
93) 17/01/1991  UN-mandated forces attack Iraqi forces in Kuwait Middle East
94) 25/06/1991  Croatia and Slovenia secede from Yugoslavia Europe
95) 25/12/1991  USSR collapses Europe
96) 19/01/1992  China starts capitalist reforms Asia
97) 26/09/1992  South Africa ends apartheid Africa
98) 01/11/1993  Maastricht Treaty on European Union signed in Holland Europe
99) 23/02/1997  Dolly the sheep cloned in Britain Europe
100) 11/12/1997  Kyoto Treaty on climate control signed in Japan Asia

 
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